After some intense bankruptcy negotiations, Barnes and Noble has finally secured permission to buy Borders’ customer list for $13.9 million. This purchase includes information from former Borders customers, including email addresses, purchase histories, home addresses, and phone numbers. However, no financial information will be transferred to Barnes and Noble.

Even though the initial sale was made on September 26, the sale was not finalized for several weeks due to Borders’ objection to having their customers’ information sold. The Federal Trade Commission’s consumer chief, David Vladeck, agreed with Borders’ concerns.

“In light of the promises Borders made to its customers, we believe it would be appropriate for Borders to obtain express consent from its customers, specifying the potential purchaser, before it transfers the data. The consent process would allow customers to make their own determination as to whether a transfer of their information would be acceptable to them.

For consumers who did not consent, their data would be purged,” he said. Judge Martin Glenn, who has been presiding over Borders’ bankruptcy proceedings, decided it would not be necessary for customers to express permission for their information to be transferred to the new company.

Instead, Barnes and Noble was required to provide former Borders’ customers with the ability to opt out, and have their personal information purged from all databases. Last week, Barnes and Noble CEO, William Lynch, sent an email to 40 million former Borders customers welcoming them to the “Barnes and Noble family.”

The email briefly explained the purchase, and encouraged recipients to take advantage of the opportunity to receive emails with special offers for in-store and online purchases at Barnes and Noble. There was also a note at the bottom of the page with a link giving customers the option to opt out and have their information deleted.

Customers who received this email will have until October 15 to opt out. Former Borders customers who did not provide an email address will have until October 29. After these dates have passed, anyone who has not specifically opted out will automatically have their information transferred to the Barnes and Noble database.

This sale has caused some controversy concerning a company’s right to sell the intellectual property of their customers to another company without express permission. The privacy rights of an individual are highly prized in American society, and Barnes and Noble’s ability to simply buy personal information is upsetting to some individuals.

Senator Richard Blumenthal of Connecticut, recently stated his objections. “The settlement reached between Borders and Barnes and Noble is wholly inadequate and unacceptable. Consumers are unprotected unless they explicitly opt out. Instead, their specific consent should be requested,” he said.

The bankruptcy courts have set a precedent for companies to sell their customers’ information to others in the future. Only time will tell if this sharing of information is determined to be a breach of privacy, or simply a new way for businesses to reach out to customers.

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After struggling to survive Chapter 11 bankruptcy since February, Borders officially announced they would be closing the doors on their remaining 399 stores by September.

At the height of their success in the early 90s, they had more than 1,500 stores across the country. Despite competition with Barnes and Noble, Borders was a successful bookstore giant. Then as electronic E-readers and online publications grew in popularity, Borders began to have problems.

A number of their stores began to close as they fell behind in popularity. In 2010 they teamed up with the company that owns the Kobo E-reader and started selling it in their stores in an attempt to stay afloat. But it was still not as popular as other similar products, such as Barnes and Noble’s Nook or Amazon.com’s Kindle.

Finally, in February of this year, Borders declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy and put their remaining stores up for sale in an attempt to keep the franchise alive. They did receive an offer from the owner of the Book of the Month Club, a book club that offers its members discounts on popular books, but the creditors for their bankruptcy refused the terms of the sale because they would not have received compensation for Borders’ liquidation.

That decision has led to the selling of Borders’ remaining assets. All of the remaining stores are having going out of business sales from now until September. Many of the coffee shops located within Borders have already closed up shop, leaving an ominous dark corner of the store that stands as reminder to any customer who wants to snatch up a few good deals that the store will soon be closed.

Borders currently has almost 10,700 employees, all of whom will soon be out of work. In addition, a number of companies had departments that worked primarily or exclusively with Borders, and those positions will be lost as well.

In America’s struggling economy, an employment loss of this size is unfortunate. Many people are upset about Borders’ closing, but independently owned book stores have mixed feelings. While their closing will give customers less options and make them more likely to shop in their stores, it does not guarantee that former Borders customers won’t simply make the switch to online purchasing instead.

As Borders begins to slowly die, interest turns to their main competition, Barnes and Noble. Brick and mortar book stores in general have lost business in recent years, and people are wondering if Barnes and Noble will be next. However, it seems that Barnes and Noble will survive the current transition from brick and mortar sites to online buying and reading E-books.

They have managed to continue turning a profit, which Borders hasn’t been able to do since 2006, by expanding beyond the physical store. Last Christmas, Barnes and Noble managed to earn 30 percent of online book sales, and their Nook E-reader is fairly popular.

Borders was an icon for many years and many of their loyal customers are sad to see them go. The closing of their doors signals a significant shift in the way people are both buying and reading their books. Perhaps 20 years from now the idea of going to a store to buy a book will seem just as strange as getting milk from the milkman.

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Early this year Australia’s largest bookstores, Angus& Robertson and Borders, announced they were near bankruptcy and were placed into voluntary administration.

The two large book chains are, along with Whitcoulls, owned by the organization REDgroup.

Since the voluntary administration has taken over gift vouchers have been suspended for all stores and more then many of their people face unemployment.

At the time of being placed into administration there were 260 Borders, Angus & Robertson and Whitcoulls stores across Australia, New Zealand and Singapore.

REDgroup is more then $115 million in debt and has been struggling against the increasing competition from large internet bookstores and a general downturn in retail profits since the global financial crisis.

The administration also closed of 37 Angus & Robertson stores and one Borders, resulting in the loss of jobs for 321 full and part time workers.

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With Egypt being the most populous Arab country, it makes sense that tens of thousands of Egyptians work in neighboring Libya. The problem facing the new Egyptian government though has been focused on two things, the logistics of getting all those still stuck in Libya back to their country and how to accommodate for all of them once they come back. Egyptian government officials addressed both these issues in recent weeks.

Ambassador Mohammed Abd-Al-Hakim tried to assure people that a full scale operation has been underway to bring back those stranded on the Libya-Tunisia border as well as those still in Tripoli and other major Libyan cities. According to Abd-Al-Hakim, the Egyptian government has already successfully coordinated the return of around 90 thousand Egyptians through air, ground and sea, with 20 thousand people still waiting in Tripoli’s major airport alone. Abd-Al-Hakim also claims that were it not for the Libyan government complicating these efforts, Egypt would have been able to send more from its national airline fleet of Egypt Air planes.

The ambassador denied reports that Egypt Air planes were used to fly foreigners out of Libya when such a large number of Egyptians remain stranded in the country.

The economic significance of these events are sure to be played out in the coming future. The country has already been struggling to create around 100,000 jobs every year for new entrants in the market. Being that remittances from abroad account for about 5% of the national GDP, the problem of the recent influx of Egyptians from Libya will have a compounded economic effect. Added to that is the distress of the economic situation of a country that just a few weeks ago had all internet and phone services blocked from commerce.

Whoever will win the presidential elections set to take place in about six months may very well be the first person to lead that country towards democracy and a new beginning (certainly that has its perks). However with the recent pressure exacerbating an already sluggish economy, it will prove to be a extremely difficult job for whoever that person may be. Lets just hope that the issue of the economy does not sidetrack the necessary work that needs to be done on the political and social fronts as well.

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