Winston-Salem, U.S.A. – With nearly one-third of American children being overweight or obese, doctors agree that there is an acute need for more effective treatments. In many weight management programs, the dropout rate can be as high as 73%, and even in successful programs, the benefits are usually short term.

Although family-based approaches to pediatric obesity are considered the gold standard of treatment, theories of the family and how it functions have not been incorporated into effective interventions, according to a study published in the May issue of the International Journal of Obesity by researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center.

“The field of family studies provides an innovative approach to the difficult problem of pediatric obesity, building on the long-established approach of family-based treatment,” said Joseph Skelton, M.D., assistant professor of pediatrics and director of the Brenner FIT (Families in Training) Program at Wake Forest Baptist, and lead author of the study.

Skelton and his research team reviewed medical literature published between 1990 and 2011 to identify the use of prominent family theories in pediatric obesity research. Of the 76 manuscripts found, 13 were selected for the study.

Wake Forest Baptist researchers found limited use of family theories in the study of pediatric obesity, particularly in weight management treatments. Family behavioral theories can provide valuable insight into the complexities of families, and increased use of these theories in both research and practice may help in the development of more effective treatments for childhood obesity, the study found.

“Traditionally doctors looked at the patient as the one in the family to focus on, but now we have to look at the entire family as the patient,” Skelton said.

“One of the problems we found was that there wasn’t even a clear definition of family in the literature. A two-parent household with a stay-at-home mother and working father is no longer the norm. Inability to define the family makes it difficult to apply a straightforward model of family function to child health and weight management.”

In the clinic setting, families are often represented by a child and a parent, typically the mother. However, this often does not accurately reflect family complexity and it doesn’t define which family members should be included in treatment, Skelton said.

A common theme in the field of family studies is that families are a system, made up of interdependent units. Intervening with one unit, such as a mother and a child, will influence other units. These interpersonal relationships influence the health behaviors of the child and the family as a whole, according to the study.

“The challenge is to find ways to incorporate the entire family in the process, while allowing for different schedules and different age kids with different health needs,” Skelton said. “If we don’t find more effective treatments and this epidemic continues, these children will likely go on to become obese adults, resulting in an entire generation with lower life expectancies than their parents’ generation.”

Skelton and his team at Brenner FIT have begun incorporating theories of the family into their research and in their treatment approach, and are finding ways to engage more members of the family in treatment.

Funding for the study was provided by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the Duke Endowment and the Kate B. Reynolds Charitable Foundation.

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The March of Dimes campaign to reduce medically unnecessary early deliveries is being elevated to the forefront of the nation’s maternal and child health agenda.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Kathleen Sebelius has announced the launch of Strong Start, a multi-faceted perinatal health campaign.  This public-private partnership includes expansion of “Healthy Babies are Worth the Wait” — the March of Dimes public awareness campaign to let women and health care providers know that if a pregnancy is healthy, it is best to wait for labor to begin on its own, rather than scheduling an induction of labor or a cesarean section.

“Premature birth is a serious health problem, and the public and private collaboration that will be generated by the Strong Start program is the single most important step forward to date in our nation’s prematurity prevention efforts,” said Dr. Jennifer L. Howse, March of Dimes president. “Working together to eliminate medically unnecessary early deliveries will reduce the emotional and financial burden of prematurity for thousands of families.”

Nearly a half million babies are born too soon each year in the United States. Preterm birth is the leading cause of newborn death, and babies who survive an early birth often have breathing problems, cerebral palsy, intellectual disabilities and other health challenges. Recent research has shown that important development of an infant’s brain and lungs occur during the last few weeks of pregnancy.   Babies born just a few weeks early have higher rates of hospitalization and illness compared to full-term infants.

Through its “Healthy Babies are Worth the Wait” public awareness campaign, the March of Dimes educates women that if their pregnancy is healthy, it is best to wait for labor to begin on its own. The March of Dimes also is working with hospitals to implement best practices that discourage early elective deliveries before at least 39 completed weeks of gestation.

The March of Dimes awareness campaign includes television, online and print public service advertising, as well as patient education materials.  Through Strong Start, these will be co-branded with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and distributed more widely.

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