Washington, U.S.A. — In 1995, R.J. Reynolds targeted gays in a marketing campaign titled Project SCUM. Today, an edgy Delicious Lesbian Kisses (DLK) campaign draws attention to smoking among lesbians; The Network for LGBT Health Equity helps bridge the gap between Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) organizations and tobacco control funding; and the CRUSH campaign uses ‘cuties’ to spread the message that being tobacco free is sexy.

Grassroots efforts across the country have worked hard to combat pervasive tobacco use within the LGBT community and a new report released by Legacy focuses on those efforts. The report, titled Tobacco Control in LGBT Communities, explores the reasons behind continued disparities in tobacco use among LGBT people versus the general population, explains Legacy’s role in addressing needs to support this priority population, and offers case studies of successful interventions.

“It’s very likely that smoking is the single greatest health issue stealing years off the lives of LGBT people. Why do LGBT people smoke so much? We’ve been targeted by the tobacco industry, we’re extremely vulnerable for social acceptance as we come out, and the pressures of stigma can nudge anyone towards unhealthy behaviors,” said Scout, Ph.D., Director of the Network for LGBT Health Equity. “More LGBT civil rights leaders’ voices have been silenced by tobacco disparities than any other single thing. For me, tobacco is one of the biggest social justice issues.”

While nationally representative data is limited due to the diversity of the LGBT group, an article just released in the American Journal of Public Health analyzed nationally representative survey results and found that LGBT people smoke cigarettes at rates that are nearly 70 percent higher than the general population. It is estimated that LGBT adults are 1.5 to 2.5 times more likely to smoke than heterosexual adults. In the 1990s, the LGBT community gained more visibility which led the tobacco industry to push for heavier marketing campaigns toward gay and lesbian communities, especially among youth.

In 2000, Legacy hosted a forum in Atlanta to help guide a Legacy program designed to address the disparities in LGBT tobacco control. Some of the primary issues included:

• A lack of tobacco-related research or services specifically for LGBT populations
• A lack of LGBT community representation in mainstream tobacco control efforts
• Targeted marketing of LGBT communities by tobacco companies
• Reliance on tobacco company funding by LGBT organizations
• A lack of knowledge among community members in recognizing the public health threat that tobacco poses
• A lack of infrastructure and capacity among LGBT groups to address tobacco use
• A lack of an LGBT-organized network or structure to create coordinated and comprehensive tobacco control efforts

“For more than a decade, Legacy has worked hard with grassroots groups across the country to help combat the direct targeting that the industry has had on this community in an effort to reduce tobacco use and encourage cessation. Through funding and research, it has been our charge to help the LGBT community fight back and educate others on the dangers of tobacco use and nicotine addiction,” saidCheryl Healton, President and CEO of Legacy.

Individual projects at the grassroots level have succeeded in shifting norms within the LGBT community. Some of these projects are detailed as case studies in the report.

• Leave No Funds Behind: Bridging the Gap Between LGBT Organizations and Tobacco Control Funding: The Network for LGBT Health Equity (The Network) worked with Legacy to create a project called “Leave No Funds Behind,” to create a national database and toolkits and provide technical assistance and training in order to establish a bridge between LGBT organizations and tobacco control funders.
• CRUSH: The LGBT Lifestyle Project: CRUSH was an experiential marketing campaign by the Southern Nevada Health District Tobacco Control Program designed to address tobacco disparities among LGBT populations in Las Vegas, Nevada.
• Delicious Lesbian Kisses: A Social Marketing Campaign with Staying Power: The National Lesbian Health Organization (Mautner Project) designed the campaign to address tobacco disparities among women over the age of 40 by promoting the idea that nonsmoking women were sexier and more fun to kiss through posters and launch events in five cities across the United States.
• 30 Seconds: Helping Health Care Providers Reach LGBT Tobacco Users: The Gay and Lesbian Medical Association (GLMA) created an online Continuing Medical Education (CME) course for health care providers to teach culturally tailored strategies for conducting Brief Tobacco Interventions with LGBT patients.

Great strides have been made but much remains to be done to bring about social justice on tobacco use for this community. “People in the community want and need help, but it is difficult to provide them with knowledge and training when there is a lack of support for the LGBT population,” said Scout. “With the help of others, people from within and even outside of the community can continue to improve tobacco education among a population that needs and deserves help.”

For more information and to read the report visit: www.LegacyForHealth.org/LGBT.

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HBO is showing the inspiring documentary “Vito”, debuting on July 23 (9:00-10:45 p.m. ET/PT), which tells the tale of LGBT activist Vito Russo. An accomplished journalist, Vito befriended Lily Tomlin, who supported his work as a writer and activist. She notes, “He never really tried to motivate me to come out in a big way, but I knew he would have liked it.”

In 1975, TIME Magazine offered her the cover if she would come out. Tomlin recalls consulting with Vito about the offer and agreeing instead to an interview with Vito for The Advocate, explaining, “When they offered it [the TIME cover] to me I called Vito and I said, ‘You know, it feels like I was being bought.’ They wanted somebody, and they were just out fishing around to get somebody. That’s why I wasn’t afraid to do The Advocate interview with him, because I felt his humanity was so evolved that it wasn’t like he was out to make points.”

Vito’s love of movies guided him to a job in the film department at the Museum of Modern Art, where he began taking note of gay characters in early films. The result of his research was “The Celluloid Closet,” an entertaining and informative lecture and clip show that combined his love of show business and radical gay politics, which he took on the road to gay film festivals and college campuses.

His seminal 1981 book of the same name explored the ways gays and lesbians were portrayed on film, what lessons those characters taught gay and straight audiences, and how those negative images were at the root of society’s homophobia. The book was later adapted into the 1995 HBO Peabody Award-winning documentary “The Celluloid Closet,” directed by Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman.

At the 1981 Gay and Lesbian Film Festival in San Francisco, Vito met and fell in love with Jeffrey Sevcik, a young theater hand. Though opposites in many ways, they shared a love for film. At the same time, the AIDS crisis was spreading through the community, and friends were disappearing from what was first known as “gay cancer.”

Once it was determined that the disease was spread through sexual activity, it stirred up a lot of anxiety within the gay community. Even though people were becoming rapidly sick, the federal government would not acknowledge AIDS as an epidemic. ACT UP used a variety of attention-grabbing techniques, including members chaining themselves to the VIP balcony at the New York Stock Exchange to protest the high price of AZT, at the time the only approved, effective AIDS drug.

Said Vito, “Everything I’ve done I’ve chosen to do. This is the life I wanted. I’m one of the very few people I know who can say I never did anything I didn’t want to do, and I always did exactly what I pleased. Very few people can say that abouttheir lives.”

In the early 80s, Jeffrey was diagnosed with HIV and Vito became his caretaker through his passing. In June 1985, Vito noticed a dark spot on his own leg, a sign of the disease. Undeterred, he continued writing, lecturing and speaking out – helping form ACT UP and GLAAD – until just months before his own death from AIDS on Nov. 7, 1990.

“Vito” had its world premiere at the 2011 New York Film Festival and has screened at numerous film festivals across the country, opening the 2012 Frameline Film Festival at the Castro Theater in San Francisco, the same place Vito met Jeffrey more than 30 years ago when he performed “The Celluloid Closet.” VITO will also be the opening night selection at the 2012 Outfest Film Festival in Los Angeles on July 12.

Director and producer Jeffrey Schwarz won a 2007 AFI Fest Documentary Audience Award for “Spine Tingler! The William Castle Story,” about the Hollywood showman. He is currently in production on “I Am Divine,” an independent feature documentary about John Waters’ muse.

For more information on the documentary, please visit: Facebook: facebook.com/hbodocs; and Twitter: @HBODocs #vito.

Image Courtesy of  Olga Besnard / Shutterstock.com

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On June 27, 1969, a police raid on the Stonewall Inn, a New York City gay bar, took a surprising turn when patrons decided it was time to fight back. As a riot erupted in Greenwich Village, a new era in the gay rights movement was born. Among the crowd that day was 23-year-old film student Vito Russo. In the aftermath of the infamous rebellion, a raid on an after-hours bar he frequented ended with a young gay man impaling himself on a fence while trying to escape the police.

This is when Vito found his voice as a gay activist and critic of homosexual representation in the media. Over the next 20 years, until his death from AIDS in 1990, Vito Russo was one of the most outspoken and inspiring activists in the LGBT community’s fight for equal rights.

Recounting the life of one of the founding fathers of the gay liberation movement, the inspiring documentary “Vito” debuts Monday, July 23 (9:00-10:45 p.m. ET/PT), exclusively on HBO.

HBO Documentary Films presents another summer series, debuting provocative specials every Monday through July 30. Other July films include: “Hard Times: Lost on Long Island” (July 9); “Birders: The Central Park Effect” and “The Tsunami and the Cherry Blossom” (July 16); and “About Face: Supermodels Then and Now” (July 30).

Directed by award-winner Jeffrey Schwarz (“Spine Tingler! The William Castle Story,” “Wrangler: Anatomy of an Icon”), “Vito” paints a touching portrait of this outspoken activist in the LGBT community’s struggle for equal rights, using period footage and film clips to capture a vibrant era of gayculture. “If you’re going to talk about the gay-rights movement, you’re going to talk about Vito,” says journalist David Ehrenstein.

The documentary features rich archival interviews with Vito, as well as insights from gay rights activists, including: Larry Kramer and Arthur Evans; film scholars, among them former MoMA film curator Jon Gartenberg; and journalists/writers such as Michael Schiavi and Gabriel Rotello. “Vito” also offers personal accounts from his many friends, including Lily Tomlin and Bruce Vilanch, and his family members, including brother Charles Russo and cousin Phyllis Antonellis.

Raised in the Italian neighborhoods of East Harlem, Vito’s family moved to suburban New Jersey in the 1960s, which he hated. At 18, Vito moved back to New York City, where he was enthralled with the sexuality and positive energy of gay liberation. He progressed to activism, and as Marsha P. Johnson, a transgendered gay rights activist states, “the energy became channeled into organizations.”

Vito was one of the pivotal players in many of these gay rights organizations during their formative years. He was an early member of GAA (Gay Activists Alliance), whose goal was to secure basic human rights, dignity and freedom for all gay people. He was one of the co-founders of GLAAD (Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation), which was formed to ensurethat media representation of gays and lesbians was accurate.

Towards the end of his life, he was one of the founders of ACT UP (AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power), a guerilla activist group whose goal was to bring legislation, medical research, treatment and policies to ultimately eradicate the AIDS epidemic.

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