At least 154 cases of a new strain of swine flu were detected across several states. The number of victims had been 29 one week ago, but the five time increase has officials concerned about another mass outbreak.

The original strain of swine flu, H1N1, killed at least 17,000 people between 2009 and 2010. This was highly contagious and moved so fast that countries only reported the number of deaths and clusters of unusual outbreaks.

This new strain, H3N2v, a variant of the H3N2 common influenza, so far has only effected people in direct contact with pigs. The states that are most affected also come in most contact with traveling fairs, complete with petting zoos and shows; people that work around pigs on a regular basis are high at risk. Indiana reports at least 113 cases, Ohio 30 cases, and one case each in Hawaii and Illinois.

Dr. Joseph Bresee of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) believes that “This is not a pandemic situation.” The CDC states that the disease must transfer easily between humans before it is considered a pandemic. However, they told ABC News that they are also concerned that “the new strain has a gene from the 2009 pandemic strain that might let it spread more easily than pig viruses normally do.” H3N2v could become another worldwide problem.

Bresee admits that the number of cases is expected to continue to rise, and a few human-human transmissions wouldn’t surprise anyone.

The good news is the cases are mild compared to other virulent flus, and no one has died so far. The two cases that resulted in hospitalization both fully recovered and were discharged.

The flu vaccine from this year doesn’t cover the new strain, so all are urged to be careful and take precautions by careful hand washing and avoiding eating and drinking around infected humans and animals. The CDC suggests seeking medical care for suspected infection.

While adults may have antibodies for H3N2v from similar flus in the 1990′s, parents should take extra care into account for children, who are the most affected so far. The CDC also warns those over 65, pregnant women and individuals with chronic diseases not to attend traveling fairs this year.

Fair officials are keeping an eye out for any pigs that exhibit flu symptoms. These include a runny nose, coughing and sneezing. In the meantime, Bresee is working on finding a vaccine for the virus in the chance it becomes a pandemic.

Image Courtesy of   Diego Cupolo [CC-BY-2.0], via Wikimedia Commons

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A report released by the Institute of Medicine found that few adverse effects are caused by or linked to eight vaccines. The scientific evidence also veers more in the direction of rejecting the connection and causal relationship between autism and the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine.

An 18-member committee of experts convened by the IOM analyzed more than 1,000 research articles, analyzing the evidence behind each of these as to the amount of adverse effects caused by the eight vaccines.

The committee made 158 conclusions that made up four categories, ranging from supporting a casual relationship between the vaccine and the adverse effect to favoring rejection of the causal relationship.

One hundred thirty-three out of the 158 decisions were in the category labeled as evidence inadequate to accept or reject a causal relationship. One such includes that of concerns over the HPV vaccine.

This inadequate evidence comes from the lack of data, due to the short amount of time it has been on the market. This category, however, varies in its findings, since evidence is labeled inadequate for a variety of reasons.

Fourteen of the outcomes were found to be convincingly linked, including fainting and febrile seizures.

However, as the press release states, cause and effect relationships can only be established with significant and solid evidence. The conclusions reached by the committee reflect the “strengths and weakenesses of several types of evidence, including biological, clinical, and epidemiological research,” the press release says.

The IOM was asked by the Health Resources and Services Administration within the Department of Health and Human Services to examine the eight vaccines. HRSA also chose the adverse effects to be studied.

These effects are ones “for which people have submitted claims – successful or not – “ to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, according to the report brief.

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